How to pronounce The /r/ as in RED /r/ in American English

One of the most common consonants in American English. Hear it in red, run, right, read.

IPA /r/ Respell r Category Consonant
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The American /r/ consonant, the sound at the start of red, run, and right, needs an open airway: the tip of the tongue never touches the roof of the mouth. You can either curl the tip backward or bunch the middle of your tongue up high. Whichever you pick, the sides of your tongue have to brace firmly against the insides of your upper back teeth, and a slight lip rounding gives the /r/ its dark American color.

How to make it

Three small adjustments.

Get them right and the sound takes care of itself.

Curl or bunch your tongue without letting the tip touch the roof of your mouth. Brace the sides of your tongue against your upper back teeth, and round your lips slightly.

First position of /r/ in red
Second position of /r/ in red

Mouth shape

/r/ as in red

Tongue

You can either curl the tip upward (retroflexed) or bunch the body upward (bunched); both produce the same sound. The tip and center of the tongue never touch the roof of the mouth, but the sides of the tongue must press firmly against the insides of your upper back teeth to anchor the sound.

Lips

May round slightly.

Quick tips

Two things to remember.

The tip of the tongue should NOT touch the roof of the mouth; doing so creates an L or D sound.

Both curled-tip and bunched-tongue techniques work equally well, as long as the sides of your tongue brace against your upper back teeth.

FAQ

Common questions about /r/.

What is the correct tongue position for the American R?
There are actually two correct ways to make it, as long as the tip of your tongue never touches the roof of your mouth. You can curl the tip of your tongue backward, or you can bunch the middle of your tongue up toward the back of your mouth. In either shape, the sides of your tongue must press against the insides of your upper back teeth to anchor the sound. Both techniques produce the exact same R, and Americans are split about 50/50 on which one they use naturally.
Why does my /r/ sound like a D or a rolled R?
You're letting the tip of your tongue touch the roof of your mouth. In Spanish, Italian, and Russian, the R is made by tapping or trilling the tongue against the alveolar ridge just behind the teeth. In American English, that same tap turns into a fast /d/, like the flap T in water. The fix: pull your tongue further back, keep the tip free, and let the sides of your tongue carry the work by bracing against your upper back teeth.
Do I need to use my lips to pronounce the /r/ sound?
Yes. Bringing the corners of your lips in slightly changes a lot. Tongue placement creates the core of the sound, but the lip rounding is what gives the American /r/ its dark, thick quality. It shouldn't be a tight pucker like a /w/. If you say red and it sounds like wed, you've rounded too much. Just flare the lips a little forward and the /r/ has somewhere to anchor.

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