In casual American English, "Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to convert light into energy" sounds like "foh-duh-SIHN-thuh-suhs ihz dhuh PRAH-sehs YOOZD bahy PLANTS tuh kuhn-VURT LAHYT ihn-too EH-ner-jee". Several things happen here, and the headline one is the Silent T after N: the T after N drops out entirely. Keep stressed words long, unstressed words short, and link the consonants forward into the vowels.
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What makes this sentence sound American.
In "into", the "t" right after N is dropped — the tongue skips the T stop and moves directly from the N position to the next sound. This is called the Silent T after N, a hallmark of natural-sounding American speech. It comes out as ihn-too.
What's happening in this sentence.
Small tricks that turn a textbook sentence into how an American actually says it.
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Common pronunciation mistakes in American English.
The textbook way isn't wrong — it's just not how anyone actually says it.
Pronouncing the silent T after N.
In "into", the "t" right after N is dropped — the tongue skips the T stop and moves directly from the N position to the next sound. /t/ is completely silent — the tongue skips the T stop and moves directly from the N position to the next sound.
Pronouncing the T in a consonant cluster.
In "plants", the "t" is squeezed between other consonants and drops out — the surrounding consonants flow together without it — most natural in flowing, casual speech; in careful or formal speech, the T may be lightly present. /t/ is dropped entirely — the surrounding consonants flow together without the T.
Saying a hard "T" in the middle.
In "photosynthesis", the "t" between vowels sounds like a quick "d" — the tongue briefly taps the ridge behind the upper teeth. /t/ or /d/ becomes a quick tap [ɾ] — sounds like a soft D. The tongue briefly taps the ridge behind the upper teeth.
Pronouncing the vowel before M/N too pure.
In "plants", the "a" vowel before M or N raises and fronts toward [eə] — the tongue pulls up and forward, breaking the vowel into a tense glide as it anticipates the nasal. The "/æ/" vowel raises and fronts before M or N — tongue pulls up and forward, producing a tense [eə] glide (between /e/ and /ə/). Not a pure /æ/.
Questions people ask about this.
Why do the T sounds turn into D-like sounds in this sentence?
Why is "is" said so quickly in this sentence?
How are the words connected in casual American speech?
Is this how the sentence is taught in textbooks?
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