In casual American English, "She was granted immunity in exchange for her testimony" sounds like "shee wuhz GRAN-tuhd ih-MYOO-nuh-dee ihn uhks-CHAYNJ fer her TEH-stuh-moh-nee". Several things happen here, and the headline one is the Silent T after N: the T after N drops out entirely. Keep stressed words long, unstressed words short, and link the consonants forward into the vowels.
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What makes this sentence sound American.
In "granted", the "t" right after N is dropped — the tongue skips the T stop and moves directly from the N position to the next sound. This is called the Silent T after N, a hallmark of natural-sounding American speech. It comes out as GRAN-tuhd.
What's happening in this sentence.
Small tricks that turn a textbook sentence into how an American actually says it.
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Common pronunciation mistakes in American English.
The textbook way isn't wrong — it's just not how anyone actually says it.
Pronouncing the silent T after N.
In "granted", the "t" right after N is dropped — the tongue skips the T stop and moves directly from the N position to the next sound. /t/ is completely silent — the tongue skips the T stop and moves directly from the N position to the next sound.
Saying a hard "T" in the middle.
In "immunity", the "t" between vowels sounds like a quick "d" — the tongue briefly taps the ridge behind the upper teeth. /t/ or /d/ becomes a quick tap [ɾ] — sounds like a soft D. The tongue briefly taps the ridge behind the upper teeth.
Pronouncing the vowel before M/N too pure.
In "granted", the "a" vowel before M or N raises and fronts toward [eə] — the tongue pulls up and forward, breaking the vowel into a tense glide as it anticipates the nasal. The "/æ/" vowel raises and fronts before M or N — tongue pulls up and forward, producing a tense [eə] glide (between /e/ and /ə/). Not a pure /æ/.
Hard T at the end of a word, not a flap.
The "t" at the end of "" links to the vowel starting "" — it flaps to sound like a quick "d", with the tongue briefly tapping the ridge behind the upper teeth. Same flap as within-word (R1) but spanning two words.
Questions people ask about this.
Why do the T sounds turn into D-like sounds in this sentence?
Why is "she" said so quickly in this sentence?
How are the words connected in casual American speech?
Why does the H in "her" sound dropped here?
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