k/k/
Raise the back of your tongue to touch the soft palate (velum). Stop the air, then release.
How to pronounce constitutional in American English
kahn·stuh·TOO·shuh·nuhl
Start here
Americans pronounce constitutional as kahn-stuh-TOO-shuh-nuhl (/ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl/). The L in "constitutional" is a dark L — the back of the tongue rises toward the soft palate, adding a small "uh" quality before the L. This is called the Dark L vs Light L, and it's why Americans sound more relaxed than the textbook. It comes out as KAHN·stuh·TOO·shuh·nuhl. Stress falls on the third syllable — keep everything else short and quick. You'll hear it in sentences like "The constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds majority to pass".
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Sound by sound
Every sound in "constitutional".
5 syllables, 13 sounds. Tap a syllable to jump to its row, then explore each sound's mouth shape and how it's made.
ah/ɑ/
Relax your lips and drop your jaw significantly. The tongue tip lightly touches behind the bottom front teeth and the back part of the tongue presses down a little to create more dark space in the back of the mouth.
n/n/
Touch the tip or front edge of your tongue to the roof of your mouth behind your teeth. Air flows through your nose.
s/s/
Place your tongue tip near the roof of your mouth behind your top teeth. Push air through the narrow gap. No voicing.
t/t/
Touch the tip or front edge of your tongue to the roof of your mouth just behind your teeth. Keep your jaw relaxed. Stop the air, then release with a puff.
uh/ʌ/
Relax your lips, jaw, and tongue completely. Drop your jaw slightly and keep the tongue neutral.
t/t/
Touch the tip or front edge of your tongue to the roof of your mouth just behind your teeth. Keep your jaw relaxed. Stop the air, then release with a puff.
oo/u/
Round your lips into a tight circle. Let your tongue rest in the middle of your mouth, slightly raised.
sh/ʃ/
Flare your lips and lift the mid-front tongue close to the roof of your mouth. Blow air through without voicing.
uh/ʌ/
Relax your lips, jaw, and tongue completely. Drop your jaw slightly and keep the tongue neutral.
n/n/
SyllabicThe schwa before N disappears — N becomes the vowel of the syllable. Go straight from the previous consonant to N.
uh/ʌ/
Relax your lips, jaw, and tongue completely. Drop your jaw slightly and keep the tongue neutral.
l/l/
DarkKeep the tongue tip down and pull the back of the tongue up toward the throat. The 'dark' sound comes from the back.
In real conversation
Hear "constitutional" in the wild.
Click any sentence to see the full breakdown — every link, every reduction, every flap-T.
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Watch out
Common pronunciation mistakes in American English.
The textbook way isn't wrong — it's just not how anyone actually says it.
01
Treating every L the same.
The L in "constitutional" is a dark L — the back of the tongue rises toward the soft palate, adding a small "uh" quality before the L. Dark L adds a small schwa-like "uh" before the L. The back of the tongue lifts toward the soft palate.
constitutional→KAHN·stuh·TOO·shuh·nuhl
02
Inserting a vowel before the syllabic consonant.
In "constitutional", the short unstressed vowel before "n" disappears — the schwa is absorbed and the "n" becomes the syllable nucleus on its own. Schwa is absorbed — consonant becomes the syllable nucleus.
constitutional→KAHN·stuh·TOO·shuh·nuhl
03
Stressing the wrong syllable.
Stress falls on the third syllable, not the others. Stretch TOO — keep everything else short and quick.
KAHN·STUH·too·SHUH·NUHL→KAHN·stuh·TOO·shuh·nuhl
04
Pronouncing the unstressed syllable too fully.
Don't pronounce the first syllable too fully. The unstressed syllable reduces to a schwa — the lazy "uh" sound — in casual speech.
kahn·STUH·TOO·shuh·nuhl→KAHN·stuh·TOO·shuh·nuhl
Questions
Questions people ask about this.
How is "constitutional" stressed in American English?
Stress falls on the third syllable — say "TOO" with a longer, fuller vowel and keep every other syllable short and quick. The respell "kahn-stuh-TOO-shuh-nuhl" marks the stressed syllable in capitals so the rhythm is easy to read at a glance.
Why does the second syllable in "constitutional" reduce to "uh"?
Unstressed syllables in American English collapse toward a schwa — a lazy, neutral "uh" sound. The full vowel is what textbooks teach, but in actual American speech every unstressed vowel reduces. The respell "kahn-stuh-TOO-shuh-nuhl" shows the reduced form so you can hear the casual rhythm directly.
Is the American pronunciation of "constitutional" different from British English?
American English uses different vowel shapes, a relaxed retroflex R, and connected-speech tricks like flap-T and glottal-stop T that British Received Pronunciation generally avoids. The respell "kahn-stuh-TOO-shuh-nuhl" reflects the casual American form; British dictionaries typically print a citation form with crisper consonants and different vowel choices.
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